Reality of Minor Marriage Dispensation Arrangements in Indonesia and Bangladesh
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Published
Dec 30, 2023
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Abstract
Law Number 16 of 2019, concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, has substantially renewed the age of Marriage to 19 years for boys and girls as a form of government effort to reduce the number of child marriages. However, Article 7 Paragraph (2) provides opportunities for child marriages under the age of 19 years. The Court gives this opportunity through the provision of marriage dispensation. Marriage dispensation is also found in Bangladeshi marriage law. Article 19 of Bangladesh's Child Marriage Restriction Act states that girls under 18 and boys under 21 can enter into Marriage if parental or court approval can be obtained in exceptional circumstances. The prevailing marriage dispensation breaks the expectation of a decline in child marriages. This study aims to explain the provision of dispensation for Marriage to minors, which compares the arrangements in Indonesia and Bangladesh. This research is qualitative research with a normative juridical approach. Solve problems using a statutory approach and a comparative approach with data obtained through a literature study, which is described in an analytical descriptive manner. The results of the study show that there is a difference in regulating the dispensation of Marriage for minors in Indonesia and Bangladesh. The conclusion of this study shows that regulations in both countries granting dispensation for Marriage to minors are contradictory to changes in the rules for the age limit for Marriage.
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RAMADHANI, Dwi Aryanti; SAKTI, Muthia; FEBRIANA, Meutia Caesar.
Reality of Minor Marriage Dispensation Arrangements in Indonesia and Bangladesh.
UNISKA LAW REVIEW, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 126 - 144, dec. 2023.
ISSN 2774-5252.
Available at: <https://ejournal.uniska-kediri.ac.id/index.php/SJ/article/view/4439>. Date accessed: 27 feb. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32503/ulr.v4i1.4439.
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Articles
References
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Amal, H. L., & Adha, L. H. (2021). Penerapan Usia Kawin Menurut Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. 1(2), 12–21.
Biswas, M. (2021). Media Coverage of the Misogynistic and Controversial Child Marriage Restraint Act (2017) in Bangladesh. Dalam M. B. Marron, Misogyny Across Global Media (hal. 119–133). Maryland: Lexington books
Boputra, E. (2020). Diskresi Hukum dalam Pemberian Dispensasi Perkawinan. Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Kekuasaan, 1(1), 48.
Candra, M. (2021). Pembaruan Hukum Dispensasi Kawin Dalam Sistem Hukum Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana.
Fattah, K. N., & Camellia, S. (2022). Poverty, dowry and the ‘good match’: revisiting community perceptions and practices of child marriage in a rural setting in Bangladesh. Journal of Biosocial Science, 54(1), 39–53.
Ferdous, D. S., Saha, P., & Yeasmin, F. (2019). Preventing Child, Early and Forced Marriage in Bangladesh: Understanding socio-economic drivers and legislative gaps.
Herviani, F., Zuhriah, E., Cecep, R., & Yasin, L. (2022). Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Pemberian Dispensasi Nikah Perspektif Teori Sistem Hukum Lawrence M . Friedman di Pengadilan Agama. 117–127(11), 1.
Hoque, A., & Rashid, M. M. (2020). Knowledge and Attitude of Adolescent Girls on Child Marriage - Experiences from Bangladesh. Advance Research Journal Of Multidisciplinary Discoveries, 45(1), 21–26.
Ilma, M. (2020). Regulasi Dispensasi dalam Penguatan Aturan Batas Usia Kawin bagi Anak Pasca Lahirnya UU No. 16 Tahun 2019. AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 2(2), 133–166.
Judiasih, S. D., Dajaan, S. S., & Nugroho, B. D. (2020). Kontradiksi Antara Dispensasi Kawin dengan Upaya Meminimalisir Perkawinan Bawah Umur di Indonesia. Acta Diurnal : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, 3(2), 203–222.
Mulyadi, W., & Nugraheni, A. S. C. (2017). Akibat Hukum Penetapan Dispensasi Perkawinan Anak Di Bawah Umur (Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Agama Pacitan). Jurnal Privat Law, 5(2), 69–76.
Rahaman, M. S., Rashidi Oyshee, N., Alim Pratic, S., & Al Mamun, K. A. (2018). Development of an Intelligent Platform to Digitize Marriage and empower Married Couples for Life and Family wellbeing towards Digital Bangladesh. 2018 21st International Conference of Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), pp. 1–6.
Ramadhita. (2014). Diskresi Hakim: Pola Penyelesaian Kasus Dispensasi. De Jure Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah, 6(1).
Shukrana, U. (2020). Ramifications and Solutions for Existing Child Marriage Law in Bangladesh. Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies, 6(1), 89–106.
Simanjorang, B. D. S., Suwikromo, S., & Mamengko, R. S. (2022). Kajian Hukum Perkawinan Anak Dibawah Umur Menurut Undang Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undangundang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Tentang Perkawinan. Lex Privatum, 10(1), 48–57.
Tirmidzi, T. (2020). Kajian Analisis Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 Sebagai Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974. USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 1(1).
Akter, Sayema, Chloe Williams, Animesh Talukder, Muhammed Nazmul Islam, Juanita Vasquez Escallon, Tania Sultana, Neha Kapil, and Malabika Sarker. “Harmful Practices Prevail despite Legal Knowledge: A Mixed-Method Study on the Paradox of Child Marriage in Bangladesh.†Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 29, no. 2 (January 2022): 1885790. https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2021.1885790.
Amal, Hifdul Lisan, and Lalu Hadi Adha. “Penerapan Usia Kawin Menurut Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan†1, no. 2 (2021): 12–21.
Biswas, Masudul. “Media Coverage of the Misogynistic and Controversial Child Marriage Restraint Act (2017) in Bangladesh.†In Misogyny Across Global Media, edited by Maria B Marron, 119–33. Lanham, Maryland: lexington books, 2021.
Boputra, Emanuel. “Diskresi Hukum Dalam Pemberian Dispensasi Perkawinan.†JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN KEKUASAAN 1, no. 1 (August 2020): 48. https://doi.org/10.24167/jhpk.v1i1.2673.
Candra, Mardi. Pembaruan Hukum Dispensasi Kawin Dalam Sistem Hukum Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana, 2021.
Chaity, Afrose Jahan. “Chumki: Special Provision of Child Marriage Act Necessary.†DhakaTribune, 2017.
Goli, Srinivas. “Eliminating Child Marriages in India: Progress and Prospects.†New Delhi, 2017.
Ilma, Mughniatul. “Regulasi Dispensasi Dalam Penguatan Aturan Batas Usia Kawin Bagi Anak Pasca Lahirnya UU No. 16 Tahun 2019.†AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam 2, no. 2 (July 2020): 133–66. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v2i2.478.
Judiasih, Sonny Dewi, Susilowati S Dajaan, and Bambang Daru Nugroho. “Kontradiksi Antara Dispensasi Kawin Dengan Upaya Meminimalisir Perkawinan Bawah Umur Di Indonesia.†Acta Diurnal : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan 3, no. 2 (2020): 203–22.
Mulyadi, Wisono, and Anjar Sri Ciptorukmi Nugraheni. “AKIBAT HUKUM PENETAPAN DISPENSASI PERKAWINAN ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR (Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Agama Pacitan).†Jurnal Privat Law 5, no. 2 (2017): 69–76. https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v5i2.19394.
“PM Hasina Defends Provision Allowing Child Marriage in ‘Special Circumstances.’†Bdnews24.Com, 2016.
Rahaman, Md. Shahidur, Nawshin Rashidi Oyshee, Samiul Alim Pratic, and Khondaker Abdullah Al Mamun. “Development of an Intelligent Platform to Digitize Marriage, Empower Married Couple for Life and Family Wellbeing Towards Digital Bangladesh.†In 2018 21st International Conference of Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), 1–6. IEEE, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCITECHN.2018.8631919.
Ramadhita. “Diskresi Hakim: Pola Penyelesaian Kasus Dispensasi.†De Jure Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah, 2014, 59.
Shukrana, Uzma. “Ramifications and Solutions for Existing Child Marriage Law in Bangladesh.†Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies 6, no. 1 (2020): 89–106.
Simanjorang, Brigita D. S., Suriyono Suwikromo, and Rudolf S. Mamengko. “KAJIAN HUKUM PERKAWINAN ANAK DIBAWAH UMUR MENURUT UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANGUNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974. TENTANG PERKAWINAN.†Lex Privatum 10, no. 1 (2022): 48–57. https://doi.org/10.2207/jjws.91.328.
Staff Correspondent. “13,886 Child Marriages Took Place during Lockdown Last Year.†Manusher Jonno Foundation (MJF, 2021.
Tirmidzi, Tirmidzi. “KAJIAN ANALISIS UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 16 TAHUN 2019 SEBAGAI PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 1 TAHUN 1974.†USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 1, no. 1 (November 2020). https://doi.org/10.46773/.v1i1.105.
UNICEF Indonesia, BPS, PUSKAPA UI, Kementerian PPN/ Bappenas. “Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak.†Jakarta, 2020.
Amal, H. L., & Adha, L. H. (2021). Penerapan Usia Kawin Menurut Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. 1(2), 12–21.
Biswas, M. (2021). Media Coverage of the Misogynistic and Controversial Child Marriage Restraint Act (2017) in Bangladesh. Dalam M. B. Marron, Misogyny Across Global Media (hal. 119–133). Maryland: Lexington books
Boputra, E. (2020). Diskresi Hukum dalam Pemberian Dispensasi Perkawinan. Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Kekuasaan, 1(1), 48.
Candra, M. (2021). Pembaruan Hukum Dispensasi Kawin Dalam Sistem Hukum Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana.
Fattah, K. N., & Camellia, S. (2022). Poverty, dowry and the ‘good match’: revisiting community perceptions and practices of child marriage in a rural setting in Bangladesh. Journal of Biosocial Science, 54(1), 39–53.
Ferdous, D. S., Saha, P., & Yeasmin, F. (2019). Preventing Child, Early and Forced Marriage in Bangladesh: Understanding socio-economic drivers and legislative gaps.
Herviani, F., Zuhriah, E., Cecep, R., & Yasin, L. (2022). Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Pemberian Dispensasi Nikah Perspektif Teori Sistem Hukum Lawrence M . Friedman di Pengadilan Agama. 117–127(11), 1.
Hoque, A., & Rashid, M. M. (2020). Knowledge and Attitude of Adolescent Girls on Child Marriage - Experiences from Bangladesh. Advance Research Journal Of Multidisciplinary Discoveries, 45(1), 21–26.
Ilma, M. (2020). Regulasi Dispensasi dalam Penguatan Aturan Batas Usia Kawin bagi Anak Pasca Lahirnya UU No. 16 Tahun 2019. AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 2(2), 133–166.
Judiasih, S. D., Dajaan, S. S., & Nugroho, B. D. (2020). Kontradiksi Antara Dispensasi Kawin dengan Upaya Meminimalisir Perkawinan Bawah Umur di Indonesia. Acta Diurnal : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, 3(2), 203–222.
Mulyadi, W., & Nugraheni, A. S. C. (2017). Akibat Hukum Penetapan Dispensasi Perkawinan Anak Di Bawah Umur (Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Agama Pacitan). Jurnal Privat Law, 5(2), 69–76.
Rahaman, M. S., Rashidi Oyshee, N., Alim Pratic, S., & Al Mamun, K. A. (2018). Development of an Intelligent Platform to Digitize Marriage and empower Married Couples for Life and Family wellbeing towards Digital Bangladesh. 2018 21st International Conference of Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), pp. 1–6.
Ramadhita. (2014). Diskresi Hakim: Pola Penyelesaian Kasus Dispensasi. De Jure Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah, 6(1).
Shukrana, U. (2020). Ramifications and Solutions for Existing Child Marriage Law in Bangladesh. Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies, 6(1), 89–106.
Simanjorang, B. D. S., Suwikromo, S., & Mamengko, R. S. (2022). Kajian Hukum Perkawinan Anak Dibawah Umur Menurut Undang Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undangundang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Tentang Perkawinan. Lex Privatum, 10(1), 48–57.
Tirmidzi, T. (2020). Kajian Analisis Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 Sebagai Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974. USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 1(1).
Akter, Sayema, Chloe Williams, Animesh Talukder, Muhammed Nazmul Islam, Juanita Vasquez Escallon, Tania Sultana, Neha Kapil, and Malabika Sarker. “Harmful Practices Prevail despite Legal Knowledge: A Mixed-Method Study on the Paradox of Child Marriage in Bangladesh.†Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 29, no. 2 (January 2022): 1885790. https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2021.1885790.
Amal, Hifdul Lisan, and Lalu Hadi Adha. “Penerapan Usia Kawin Menurut Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan†1, no. 2 (2021): 12–21.
Biswas, Masudul. “Media Coverage of the Misogynistic and Controversial Child Marriage Restraint Act (2017) in Bangladesh.†In Misogyny Across Global Media, edited by Maria B Marron, 119–33. Lanham, Maryland: lexington books, 2021.
Boputra, Emanuel. “Diskresi Hukum Dalam Pemberian Dispensasi Perkawinan.†JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN KEKUASAAN 1, no. 1 (August 2020): 48. https://doi.org/10.24167/jhpk.v1i1.2673.
Candra, Mardi. Pembaruan Hukum Dispensasi Kawin Dalam Sistem Hukum Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana, 2021.
Chaity, Afrose Jahan. “Chumki: Special Provision of Child Marriage Act Necessary.†DhakaTribune, 2017.
Goli, Srinivas. “Eliminating Child Marriages in India: Progress and Prospects.†New Delhi, 2017.
Ilma, Mughniatul. “Regulasi Dispensasi Dalam Penguatan Aturan Batas Usia Kawin Bagi Anak Pasca Lahirnya UU No. 16 Tahun 2019.†AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam 2, no. 2 (July 2020): 133–66. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v2i2.478.
Judiasih, Sonny Dewi, Susilowati S Dajaan, and Bambang Daru Nugroho. “Kontradiksi Antara Dispensasi Kawin Dengan Upaya Meminimalisir Perkawinan Bawah Umur Di Indonesia.†Acta Diurnal : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan 3, no. 2 (2020): 203–22.
Mulyadi, Wisono, and Anjar Sri Ciptorukmi Nugraheni. “AKIBAT HUKUM PENETAPAN DISPENSASI PERKAWINAN ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR (Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Agama Pacitan).†Jurnal Privat Law 5, no. 2 (2017): 69–76. https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v5i2.19394.
“PM Hasina Defends Provision Allowing Child Marriage in ‘Special Circumstances.’†Bdnews24.Com, 2016.
Rahaman, Md. Shahidur, Nawshin Rashidi Oyshee, Samiul Alim Pratic, and Khondaker Abdullah Al Mamun. “Development of an Intelligent Platform to Digitize Marriage, Empower Married Couple for Life and Family Wellbeing Towards Digital Bangladesh.†In 2018 21st International Conference of Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), 1–6. IEEE, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCITECHN.2018.8631919.
Ramadhita. “Diskresi Hakim: Pola Penyelesaian Kasus Dispensasi.†De Jure Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah, 2014, 59.
Shukrana, Uzma. “Ramifications and Solutions for Existing Child Marriage Law in Bangladesh.†Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies 6, no. 1 (2020): 89–106.
Simanjorang, Brigita D. S., Suriyono Suwikromo, and Rudolf S. Mamengko. “KAJIAN HUKUM PERKAWINAN ANAK DIBAWAH UMUR MENURUT UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANGUNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974. TENTANG PERKAWINAN.†Lex Privatum 10, no. 1 (2022): 48–57. https://doi.org/10.2207/jjws.91.328.
Staff Correspondent. “13,886 Child Marriages Took Place during Lockdown Last Year.†Manusher Jonno Foundation (MJF, 2021.
Tirmidzi, Tirmidzi. “KAJIAN ANALISIS UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 16 TAHUN 2019 SEBAGAI PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 1 TAHUN 1974.†USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 1, no. 1 (November 2020). https://doi.org/10.46773/.v1i1.105.
UNICEF Indonesia, BPS, PUSKAPA UI, Kementerian PPN/ Bappenas. “Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak.†Jakarta, 2020.