Identification of Determinants Entrepreneurial Intentions during the Covid Pandemic on Open Unemployment in Tasikmalaya
Abstract
During the Covid-19 pandemic, the business sector experienced a slowdown due to declining purchasing power. Dozens of companies had their revenue decline, forcing them to focus on cost efficiencies, including laying off workers. As a result, the unemployment rate has surged. Becoming an entrepreneur is a viable option to generate income for those who are unemployed. This research aims to identify the factors driving individual motivation to become entrepreneurs in adverse conditions, especially during a pandemic. The conceptual model employed in this research was modified from the Theory of Planned Behavior by adding resilience as an additional independent variable. Using simple random sampling for sample selection, a total of 225 respondents who live in Tasikmalaya City and Tasikmalaya Regency participated in this study. The multiple linear regression methods was deployed for further analysis and hypothesis testing. The results reveal that the formation of entrepreneurial intentions in the unemployed in Tasikmalaya City and Tasikmalaya Regency is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, perceptions of behavioral control, and resilience.
References
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Al-Jubari, I. (2019). College students' entrepreneurial intention: Testing an integrated model of SDT and TPB. SAGE Open , 9 (2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019853467
Al-Mamary, YHS, Abdulrab, M., Alwaheeb, MA, & Alshammari, NGM (2020). Factors impacting entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Saudi Arabia: testing an integrated model of TPB and EO. Education and Training , 62 (7–8), 779–803. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2020-0096
Al-Mamary, YHS, & Alraja, MM (2022). Understanding entrepreneurship intention and behavior in the light of TPB model from the digital entrepreneurship perspective. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights , 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100106
Ayala, J.-C., & Manzano, G. (2014). The resilience of the entrepreneur. Influence on the success of the business. A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology , 42 (C), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946710001555
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2022). Labor . https://www.bps.go.id/subject/6/tenaga-kerja.html
Blustein, DL, Kenny, ME, in Fabio, A., & Guichard, J. (2019). Expanding the Impact of the Psychology of Working: Engaging Psychology in the Struggle for Decent Work and Human Rights. Journal of Career Assessment , 27 (1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072718774002
Botezat, EA, Constăndioară, A., Dodescu, AO, & Pop-Cohuţ, IC (2022). How Stable Are Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context? Sustainability (Switzerland) , 14 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095690
Bullough, A., & Renko, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial resilience during challenging times. Business Horizons , 56 (3), 343–350. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.01.001
Bullough, A., Renko, M., & Myatt, T. (2014). Danger zone entrepreneurs: The importance of resilience and self-efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice , 38 (3), 473–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12006
Bustamante, C., Poblete, C., & Amorós, J.E. (2020). Entrepreneurial intentions in the context of a natural disaster. International Journal of Emerging Markets , 17 (5), 1198–1217. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-10-2019-0846
Cepel, M., Gavurova, B., Dvorsky, J., & Belas, J. (2020). The impact of the covid-19 crisis on the perception of business risk in the sme segment. Journal of International Studies , 13 (3), 248–263. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2020/13-3/16
Corner, PD, Singh, S., & Pavlovich, K. (2017). Entrepreneurial resilience and venture failure. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship , 35 (6), 687–708. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242616685604
Dahles, H., & Susilowati, TP (2015). Business resilience in times of growth and crisis. Annals of Tourism Research , 51 , 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.01.002
Diandra, L., & Rahmatullah, YF (2020). Result of Survey on Impact of COVID-19 on Youth Entrepreneurs in Indonesia .
Doern, R. (2016). Entrepreneurship and crisis management: The experiences of small businesses during the London 2011 riots. International Small Business Journal , 34 (3), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614553863
Evans, T., & Wall, T. (2020). Entrepreneurial Resilience. In WL Filho, T. Wall, AM Azul, L. Brandli, & PG Özuyar (Eds.), Good Health and Well-Being: Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 162–171). Springer Nature.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Beliefs, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An. Introduction to Theory and Research . Addison-Wesley.
Galindo-MartÃn, M.-Ã., Castaño-MartÃnez, M.-S., & Méndez-Picazo, M.-T. (2021). Effects of the pandemic crisis on entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Journal of Business Research , 137 , 345–353. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.053
Ghozali, I. (2018). Multivariate Analysis Application with IBM SPSS Program. 25 . Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Gomes, S., Sousa, M., Santos, T., Oliveira, J., Oliveira, M., & Lopes, JM (2021). Opening the “black box†of university entrepreneurial intentions in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Sciences , 10 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10050181
Hair, JF, Black, WC, Babin, BJ, & Anderson, RE (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Prentice Hall International.
Hanel, PHP, & Vione, KC (2016). Do student samples provide an accurate estimate of the general public? PLoS ONE , 11 (12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168354
Hernández-Sánchez, BR, Cardella, GM, & Sánchez-GarcÃa, JC (2020). Psychological factors that lessen the impact of covid-19 on the self-employment intention of business administration and economics' students from Latin America. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 17 (15), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155293
Kesumawati, E. (2021). Social Entrepreneurship Intention during Covid-19 Crisis among University Students: A Case Study from Indonesia. Udayana University Management E-Journal , 10 (11), 1221–1242. https://doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2021.v10.i11.p09
Korber, S., & McNaughton, RB (2017). Resilience and entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research , 24 (7), 1129–1154. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2016-0356
Kristiansen, S., & Indarti, N. (2004). Entrepreneurial Intention among Indonesian and Norwegian Students. Journal of Enterprising Culture , 12 (1), 55–78. www.worldscientific.com
Krueger, NF, & Brazeal, D.v. (1994). Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 18 (3), 91–104.
Krueger, NF, Reilly, MD, & Carsrud, AL (2000). Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Business Venturing , 15 (5–6), 411–432.
Li, P., Li, B., & Liu, Z. (2021). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Perceptions on Entrepreneurial Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Education , 6 . https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.770710
Li, Z., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Kang, D., Feng, B., Zeng, Q., Xu, L., & Zhang, M. (2022). College Students' Entrepreneurial Intention and Alertness in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 14 (13), na-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137713
Liñán, F., & Fayolle, A. (2015). A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: citations, thematic analyses, and research agendas. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal , 11 (4), 907–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0356-5
Liñán, F., & Jaén, I. (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic and entrepreneurship: some reflections. International Journal of Emerging Markets , 17 (5), 1165–1174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-05-2020-0491
Lopes, JM, Gomes, S., Santos, T., Oliveira, M., & Oliveira, J. (2021). Entrepreneurial intention before and during COVID-19-A case study on Portuguese university students. Education Sciences , 11 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11060273
Lortie, J., & Castogiovanni, G. (2015). The theory of planned behavior in entrepreneurship research: what we know and future directions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal , 11 (4), 935–957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0358-3
Lumpkin, GT, & Dess, GG (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It To Performance. Academy of Management Review , 21 (1), 135–172.
Markman, GD, Baron, RA, & Balkin, DB (2005). Are perseverance and self-efficacy costless? Assessing entrepreneurs' regretful thinking. In Journal of Organizational Behavior (Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.305
Misoska, AT, Dimitrova, M., & Mrsik, J. (2016). Drivers of entrepreneurial intentions among business students in Macedonia. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 29 (1), 1062–1074. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1211956
Monllor, J., & Murphy, PJ (2017). Natural disasters, entrepreneurship, and creation after destruction: A conceptual approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research , 23 (4), 618–637. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2016-0050
Ngadi, RM, & Purba, YES (2020). Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Layoffs and Workers' Income in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Population Special Edition Demographics and COVID-19 , 43–48.
West Java Open Data. (2022). Number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) by Regency/City in West Java . https://opendata.jabarprov.go.id/id/dataset/nomor-usaha-mikro-small-menengah-umkm-berdasarkan-kabupatenkota-di-jawa-barat
Tasikmalaya City Open Data. (2022a). Number of Population Aged 15 Years and Over by Categories of Labor Force and Non-Labor Force in Tasikmalaya City in 2021 . https://data.tasikmalayakota.go.id/dinas-tenaga-kerja/nomor-penduduk-berumur-15-tahun-ke-atas-menurut-categories-angkatan-kerja-dan-bukan-angkatan-kerja-di- city-tasikmalaya-year-2021/
Tasikmalaya City Open Data. (2022b). Unfulfilled Job Vacancies Based on Business Fields in 2021 . https://data.tasikmalayakota.go.id/dinas-tenaga-kerja/lowongan-kerja-yang-belum-terfuli-berdasarkan-lapangan-usaha-tahun-2021/,
Ozaralli, N., & Rivenburgh, NK (2016). Entrepreneurial intention: antecedents to entrepreneurial behavior in the USA and Turkey. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research , 6 (3), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-016-0047-x
Parker, SC (2018). The economics of entrepreneurship . Cambridge UniversityPress.
Pérez-López, MC, González-López, MJ, & RodrÃguez-Ariza, L. (2016). Competencies for entrepreneurship as a career option in a challenging employment environment. Career Development International , 21 (3), 214–229. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-07-2015-0102
Ragazou, K., Passas, I., Garefalakis, A., Kourgiantakis, M., & Xanthos, G. (2022). Youth's Entrepreneurial Intention: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis of the Factors Influencing Greek HEI Students in Time of Crisis. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 14 (20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013164
Ramadani, V. (2013). Entrepreneurship and small business in the Republic of Macedonia. Briefings in Entrepreneurial Finance , 22 (7–8), 485–501.
Ratten, V. (2020). Coronavirus (Covid-19) and entrepreneurship: cultural, lifestyle and societal changes. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies , 13 (4), 747–761. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-06-2020-0163
Renko, M., Bullough, A., & Saeed, S. (2021). How do resilience and self-efficacy relate to entrepreneurial intentions in countries with varying degrees of fragility? A six-country study. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship , 39 (2), 130–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242620960456
Ridha, RN, Burhanuddin, & Wahyu, BP (2017). Entrepreneurship intention in the agricultural sector of the young generation in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship , 11 (1), 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-04-2017-022
Ruiz-Rosa, I., Gutiérrez-Taño, D., & GarcÃa-RodrÃguez, FJ (2020). Social entrepreneurial intention and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural model. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 12 (17). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12176970
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2007). Research Methods for Business Students (Fourth Edition). Pearson Education Limited.
Now, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In CA Kent, DL Sexton, & KH Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 72–90). Prentice Hall.
Sharma, GD, Thomas, A., & Paul, J. (2021). Reviving tourism industry post-COVID-19: A resilience-based framework. Tourism Management Perspectives , 37 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100786
Tedeschi, RG, & Calhoun, LG (2004). Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence. In Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Inc. Psychological Inquiry (Vol. 15, Issue 1).
van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., & van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behavior. Career Development International , 13 (6), 538–559. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430810901688
Al-Jubari, I. (2019). College students' entrepreneurial intention: Testing an integrated model of SDT and TPB. SAGE Open , 9 (2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019853467
Al-Mamary, YHS, Abdulrab, M., Alwaheeb, MA, & Alshammari, NGM (2020). Factors impacting entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Saudi Arabia: testing an integrated model of TPB and EO. Education and Training , 62 (7–8), 779–803. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2020-0096
Al-Mamary, YHS, & Alraja, MM (2022). Understanding entrepreneurship intention and behavior in the light of TPB model from the digital entrepreneurship perspective. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights , 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100106
Ayala, J.-C., & Manzano, G. (2014). The resilience of the entrepreneur. Influence on the success of the business. A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology , 42 (C), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946710001555
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2022). Labor . https://www.bps.go.id/subject/6/tenaga-kerja.html
Blustein, DL, Kenny, ME, in Fabio, A., & Guichard, J. (2019). Expanding the Impact of the Psychology of Working: Engaging Psychology in the Struggle for Decent Work and Human Rights. Journal of Career Assessment , 27 (1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072718774002
Botezat, EA, Constăndioară, A., Dodescu, AO, & Pop-Cohuţ, IC (2022). How Stable Are Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context? Sustainability (Switzerland) , 14 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095690
Bullough, A., & Renko, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial resilience during challenging times. Business Horizons , 56 (3), 343–350. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.01.001
Bullough, A., Renko, M., & Myatt, T. (2014). Danger zone entrepreneurs: The importance of resilience and self-efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice , 38 (3), 473–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12006
Bustamante, C., Poblete, C., & Amorós, J.E. (2020). Entrepreneurial intentions in the context of a natural disaster. International Journal of Emerging Markets , 17 (5), 1198–1217. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-10-2019-0846
Cepel, M., Gavurova, B., Dvorsky, J., & Belas, J. (2020). The impact of the covid-19 crisis on the perception of business risk in the sme segment. Journal of International Studies , 13 (3), 248–263. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2020/13-3/16
Corner, PD, Singh, S., & Pavlovich, K. (2017). Entrepreneurial resilience and venture failure. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship , 35 (6), 687–708. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242616685604
Dahles, H., & Susilowati, TP (2015). Business resilience in times of growth and crisis. Annals of Tourism Research , 51 , 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.01.002
Diandra, L., & Rahmatullah, YF (2020). Result of Survey on Impact of COVID-19 on Youth Entrepreneurs in Indonesia .
Doern, R. (2016). Entrepreneurship and crisis management: The experiences of small businesses during the London 2011 riots. International Small Business Journal , 34 (3), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614553863
Evans, T., & Wall, T. (2020). Entrepreneurial Resilience. In WL Filho, T. Wall, AM Azul, L. Brandli, & PG Özuyar (Eds.), Good Health and Well-Being: Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 162–171). Springer Nature.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Beliefs, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An. Introduction to Theory and Research . Addison-Wesley.
Galindo-MartÃn, M.-Ã., Castaño-MartÃnez, M.-S., & Méndez-Picazo, M.-T. (2021). Effects of the pandemic crisis on entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Journal of Business Research , 137 , 345–353. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.053
Ghozali, I. (2018). Multivariate Analysis Application with IBM SPSS Program. 25 . Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Gomes, S., Sousa, M., Santos, T., Oliveira, J., Oliveira, M., & Lopes, JM (2021). Opening the “black box†of university entrepreneurial intentions in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Sciences , 10 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10050181
Hair, JF, Black, WC, Babin, BJ, & Anderson, RE (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Prentice Hall International.
Hanel, PHP, & Vione, KC (2016). Do student samples provide an accurate estimate of the general public? PLoS ONE , 11 (12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168354
Hernández-Sánchez, BR, Cardella, GM, & Sánchez-GarcÃa, JC (2020). Psychological factors that lessen the impact of covid-19 on the self-employment intention of business administration and economics' students from Latin America. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 17 (15), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155293
Kesumawati, E. (2021). Social Entrepreneurship Intention during Covid-19 Crisis among University Students: A Case Study from Indonesia. Udayana University Management E-Journal , 10 (11), 1221–1242. https://doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2021.v10.i11.p09
Korber, S., & McNaughton, RB (2017). Resilience and entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research , 24 (7), 1129–1154. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2016-0356
Kristiansen, S., & Indarti, N. (2004). Entrepreneurial Intention among Indonesian and Norwegian Students. Journal of Enterprising Culture , 12 (1), 55–78. www.worldscientific.com
Krueger, NF, & Brazeal, D.v. (1994). Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 18 (3), 91–104.
Krueger, NF, Reilly, MD, & Carsrud, AL (2000). Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Business Venturing , 15 (5–6), 411–432.
Li, P., Li, B., & Liu, Z. (2021). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Perceptions on Entrepreneurial Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Education , 6 . https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.770710
Li, Z., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Kang, D., Feng, B., Zeng, Q., Xu, L., & Zhang, M. (2022). College Students' Entrepreneurial Intention and Alertness in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 14 (13), na-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137713
Liñán, F., & Fayolle, A. (2015). A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: citations, thematic analyses, and research agendas. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal , 11 (4), 907–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0356-5
Liñán, F., & Jaén, I. (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic and entrepreneurship: some reflections. International Journal of Emerging Markets , 17 (5), 1165–1174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-05-2020-0491
Lopes, JM, Gomes, S., Santos, T., Oliveira, M., & Oliveira, J. (2021). Entrepreneurial intention before and during COVID-19-A case study on Portuguese university students. Education Sciences , 11 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11060273
Lortie, J., & Castogiovanni, G. (2015). The theory of planned behavior in entrepreneurship research: what we know and future directions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal , 11 (4), 935–957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0358-3
Lumpkin, GT, & Dess, GG (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It To Performance. Academy of Management Review , 21 (1), 135–172.
Markman, GD, Baron, RA, & Balkin, DB (2005). Are perseverance and self-efficacy costless? Assessing entrepreneurs' regretful thinking. In Journal of Organizational Behavior (Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.305
Misoska, AT, Dimitrova, M., & Mrsik, J. (2016). Drivers of entrepreneurial intentions among business students in Macedonia. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 29 (1), 1062–1074. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1211956
Monllor, J., & Murphy, PJ (2017). Natural disasters, entrepreneurship, and creation after destruction: A conceptual approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research , 23 (4), 618–637. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2016-0050
Ngadi, RM, & Purba, YES (2020). Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Layoffs and Workers' Income in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Population Special Edition Demographics and COVID-19 , 43–48.
West Java Open Data. (2022). Number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) by Regency/City in West Java . https://opendata.jabarprov.go.id/id/dataset/nomor-usaha-mikro-small-menengah-umkm-berdasarkan-kabupatenkota-di-jawa-barat
Tasikmalaya City Open Data. (2022a). Number of Population Aged 15 Years and Over by Categories of Labor Force and Non-Labor Force in Tasikmalaya City in 2021 . https://data.tasikmalayakota.go.id/dinas-tenaga-kerja/nomor-penduduk-berumur-15-tahun-ke-atas-menurut-categories-angkatan-kerja-dan-bukan-angkatan-kerja-di- city-tasikmalaya-year-2021/
Tasikmalaya City Open Data. (2022b). Unfulfilled Job Vacancies Based on Business Fields in 2021 . https://data.tasikmalayakota.go.id/dinas-tenaga-kerja/lowongan-kerja-yang-belum-terfuli-berdasarkan-lapangan-usaha-tahun-2021/,
Ozaralli, N., & Rivenburgh, NK (2016). Entrepreneurial intention: antecedents to entrepreneurial behavior in the USA and Turkey. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research , 6 (3), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-016-0047-x
Parker, SC (2018). The economics of entrepreneurship . Cambridge UniversityPress.
Pérez-López, MC, González-López, MJ, & RodrÃguez-Ariza, L. (2016). Competencies for entrepreneurship as a career option in a challenging employment environment. Career Development International , 21 (3), 214–229. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-07-2015-0102
Ragazou, K., Passas, I., Garefalakis, A., Kourgiantakis, M., & Xanthos, G. (2022). Youth's Entrepreneurial Intention: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis of the Factors Influencing Greek HEI Students in Time of Crisis. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 14 (20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013164
Ramadani, V. (2013). Entrepreneurship and small business in the Republic of Macedonia. Briefings in Entrepreneurial Finance , 22 (7–8), 485–501.
Ratten, V. (2020). Coronavirus (Covid-19) and entrepreneurship: cultural, lifestyle and societal changes. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies , 13 (4), 747–761. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-06-2020-0163
Renko, M., Bullough, A., & Saeed, S. (2021). How do resilience and self-efficacy relate to entrepreneurial intentions in countries with varying degrees of fragility? A six-country study. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship , 39 (2), 130–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242620960456
Ridha, RN, Burhanuddin, & Wahyu, BP (2017). Entrepreneurship intention in the agricultural sector of the young generation in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship , 11 (1), 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-04-2017-022
Ruiz-Rosa, I., Gutiérrez-Taño, D., & GarcÃa-RodrÃguez, FJ (2020). Social entrepreneurial intention and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural model. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 12 (17). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12176970
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2007). Research Methods for Business Students (Fourth Edition). Pearson Education Limited.
Now, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In CA Kent, DL Sexton, & KH Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 72–90). Prentice Hall.
Sharma, GD, Thomas, A., & Paul, J. (2021). Reviving tourism industry post-COVID-19: A resilience-based framework. Tourism Management Perspectives , 37 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100786
Tedeschi, RG, & Calhoun, LG (2004). Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence. In Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Inc. Psychological Inquiry (Vol. 15, Issue 1).
van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., & van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behavior. Career Development International , 13 (6), 538–559. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430810901688
Published
2023-06-12
How to Cite
RUSLIANA, Nanang; PUTRA, Aquinaldo Sistanto; KADARISMAN, Encang.
Identification of Determinants Entrepreneurial Intentions during the Covid Pandemic on Open Unemployment in Tasikmalaya.
JMK (Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan), [S.l.], v. 8, n. 2, p. 134-145, june 2023.
ISSN 2656-0771.
Available at: <https://ejournal.uniska-kediri.ac.id/index.php/ManajemenKewirausahaan/article/view/3711>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32503/jmk.v8i2.3711.
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Artikel Ilmiah
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