Beyond Business: How Parenting Style Shapes Succession Planning and Success in Family Firms
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the pivotal role of parenting styles—authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive—in shaping succession planning and enhancing succession success in family businesses. It bridges family systems theory and succession management by investigating how family dynamics influence leadership transition effectiveness.
Design/methodology/approach
Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study analyzes survey data from 210 respondents representing multiple generational cohorts in family enterprises. The model tests both direct and mediating effects among parenting style, succession planning, and succession success.
Findings
The results indicate that parenting styles and succession planning positively and affect succession success. Moreover, succession planning mediates the relationship between parenting style and business continuity. The model explains 20.7% of the variance in succession success and 14.3% in succession planning, with Q² values (0.137–0.215) showing small-to-moderate predictive relevance.
Research limitations/implications
Although the explanatory power is moderate, the model demonstrates theoretical robustness and extends family business literature by integrating affective (soft) and procedural (hard) factors in succession.
Practical implications
Findings offer actionable guidance for family business owners, consultants, and policymakers to develop holistic succession frameworks that combine strategic planning with parental engagement and mentoring.
Originality/value
This study contributes a novel perspective by demonstrating that successful succession is not merely a managerial process but a relational journey, emphasizing the synergy between parenting behavior and succession management practices for intergenerational continuity.
Keywords: family business; family dynamics; parenting style; succession plan; successful succession.
References
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Bhardwaj, S. (2023). Ceo succession in family firm: an integrated framework and future research insights. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 32(3), 667-699. https://doi.org/10.1177/09713557231210696
Bindah, E. (2017). Family dynamics and intergenerational entrepreneurs’ leadership style. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-017-0083-1
Calabrò, A., Minichilli, A., Amore, M., & Brogi, M. (2018). The courage to choose! primogeniture and leadership succession in family firms. Strategic Management Journal, 39(7), 2014-2035. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2760
Chan, F., Jalandoni, D., Sayarot, C., Uy, M., Daradar, D., & Aure, P. (2020). A family affair: a quantitative analysis of third-generation successors’ intentions to continue the family business. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 11(22), 462-481. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2020.11.43
Chen, Y. (2019). Succession of family firms and accounting conservatism. Modern Economy, 10(01), 298-310. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2019.101020
Chiang, H. and Yu, H. (2018). Succession and corporate performance: the appropriate successor in family firms. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 15(1), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.07
Cho, N., Lee, Y., Kim, J.-H., & Yu, G. (2022). Success factor priorities for the succession of family firms. contemporary management research, 18(1), 67-91. https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.21939
Cogburn, Mark., Horton, Rita., McNeil, Shawn. (2017). Considering a relationship between dysfunctional coaching styles in youth sports and the development of hazardous attitudes in players. journal of psychology research, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2017.08.004
Danes, Sharon., Haberman, Heather., McTavish., Donald. (2004). Gendered discourse about family business. family relations, 54(1), 116-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0197-6664.2005.00010.x
Eddleston, K., Kellermanns, F., Floyd, S., Crittenden, V., & Crittenden, W. (2013). Planning for growth: life stage differences in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(5), 1177-1202. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12002
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Fibbi, Rosita., Truong, Jasmine., (2015). Parental involvement and educational success in kosovar families in switzerland. comparative migration studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-015-0010-y
Garcia, Oscar F., Lopez-Fernandez, Olatz., Serra, Emilia., (2018). Raising spanish children with an antisocial tendency: do we know what the optimal parenting style is?. journal of interpersonal violence, 36(13-14), 6117-6144. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518818426
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Henderson, Morag. (2012). A test of parenting strategies. sociology, 47(3),542-559. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038512450103
Huang, Rentong., (2023). Analysis of the current situation of parenting styles in china. journal of education humanities and social sciences, 8, 1699-1707. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4557
Huang, X., Chen, L., Xu, E., Lü, F., & Tam, K. (2019). Shadow of the prince: parent-incumbents’ coercive control over child-successors in family organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 65(3), 710-750. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839219870449
Ijeoma, Alika H., Omolara, Akanni D., Oluwatosin, Akanni O., (2016). Parenting styles and family characteristics as correlates of psychological distress among nigerian adolescents. international journal of psychology and counselling, 8(9), 102-108. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijpc2016.0451
Irwanto, Irwanto., Ikhtiar, Ilham., Adi, Anis., Putri, Andini O. (2019). Parenting style in early marriage mothers in indonesia. indonesian journal of medicine, 4(4),313-320. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.03
Jing, W., (2022). Behavior problems and family parenting styles of elementary school seniors in rural china. international journal of academic research in business and social sciences, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i7/14363
Liu, P. C. Y., Zhu, F., & Wang, J. (2024). The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree: Parenting styles and its effects on family business succession intentions. Journal of Business Research, 172, 114429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114429
Luo, Zixiang., Qi, Fan., Xu, Yi. (2023). Family environment and college students’ psychological health during the normalization of the covid-19 pandemic. journal of education humanities and social sciences, 8, 1983-1990. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4628
Lyons, R., Ahmed, F. U., Clinton, E., O’Gorman, C., & Gillanders, R. (2023). The impact of parental emotional support on the succession intentions of next-generation family business members. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 36(3–4), 516–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2023.2233460
Knafo, A. and Schwartz, S. (2003). Parenting and adolescents' accuracy in perceiving parental values. Child Development, 74(2), 595-611. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.7402018
Madden, T., Madden, L., Strickling, J., & Eddleston, K. (2017). Psychological contract and social exchange in family firms. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 16(1/2), 109. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmed.2017.10003451
Marina, Matejevic., Marija, Dordevic., (2019). Parenting style in the context of the conflict between parental and business roles. international journal of cognitive research in science engineering and education, 7(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.5937/ijcrsee1901051m
Marques, A. and Silva, L. (2020). Portuguese and brazilian family business: in between urgency and delay perceptions in the succession process. European Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 24. https://doi.org/10.26417/940lth96j
Martín-Cruz, N., Contreras, I., Barahona, J., & Fernández, H. (2020). Parents’ learning mechanisms for family firm succession: an empirical analysis in spain through the lens of the dynamic capabilities approach. Sustainability, 12(19), 8220. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198220
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Mokhber, M., Gi, T., Rasid, S., Vakilbashi, A., Zamil, N., & Seng, Y. (2017). Succession planning and family business performance in smes. The Journal of Management Development, 36(3), 330-347. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-12-2015-0171
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Riesch, Susan K., Lyles, Annmarie., Perez, Oscar., Brown, Roger L. (2013). Modifiable family factors among treatment-seeking families of children with high body mass index: report of a pilot study. journal of pediatric health care, 27(4), 254-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2011.11.006
Saan, R., Enu-Kwesi, F., & Nyewie, R. (2018). Factors influencing succession planning for continuity of family-owned businesses in the wa municipality, ghana. Universal Journal of Management, 6(5), 165-177. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2018.060504
Shahzad, F., Akhlaq, A., & Ghaffar, C. (2024). Exploring business succession dynamics in family-owned businesses: Lessons from Pakistani case studies. Journal of Family Business Management. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-09-2024-0214
Shanine, K., Madison, K., Combs, J., & Eddleston, K. (2022). Parenting the successor: it starts at home and leaves an enduring impact on the family business. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 47(4), 1093-1131. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221088772
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Bhardwaj, S. (2023). Ceo succession in family firm: an integrated framework and future research insights. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 32(3), 667-699. https://doi.org/10.1177/09713557231210696
Bindah, E. (2017). Family dynamics and intergenerational entrepreneurs’ leadership style. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-017-0083-1
Calabrò, A., Minichilli, A., Amore, M., & Brogi, M. (2018). The courage to choose! primogeniture and leadership succession in family firms. Strategic Management Journal, 39(7), 2014-2035. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2760
Chan, F., Jalandoni, D., Sayarot, C., Uy, M., Daradar, D., & Aure, P. (2020). A family affair: a quantitative analysis of third-generation successors’ intentions to continue the family business. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 11(22), 462-481. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2020.11.43
Chen, Y. (2019). Succession of family firms and accounting conservatism. Modern Economy, 10(01), 298-310. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2019.101020
Chiang, H. and Yu, H. (2018). Succession and corporate performance: the appropriate successor in family firms. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 15(1), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.07
Cho, N., Lee, Y., Kim, J.-H., & Yu, G. (2022). Success factor priorities for the succession of family firms. contemporary management research, 18(1), 67-91. https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.21939
Cogburn, Mark., Horton, Rita., McNeil, Shawn. (2017). Considering a relationship between dysfunctional coaching styles in youth sports and the development of hazardous attitudes in players. journal of psychology research, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2017.08.004
Danes, Sharon., Haberman, Heather., McTavish., Donald. (2004). Gendered discourse about family business. family relations, 54(1), 116-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0197-6664.2005.00010.x
Eddleston, K., Kellermanns, F., Floyd, S., Crittenden, V., & Crittenden, W. (2013). Planning for growth: life stage differences in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(5), 1177-1202. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12002
Fahed‐Sreih, J. and Djoundourian, S. (2006). Determinants of longevity and success in lebanese family businesses: an exploratory study. Family Business Review, 19(3), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00071.x
Fibbi, Rosita., Truong, Jasmine., (2015). Parental involvement and educational success in kosovar families in switzerland. comparative migration studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-015-0010-y
Garcia, Oscar F., Lopez-Fernandez, Olatz., Serra, Emilia., (2018). Raising spanish children with an antisocial tendency: do we know what the optimal parenting style is?. journal of interpersonal violence, 36(13-14), 6117-6144. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518818426
Garcia, P., Sharma, P., Massis, A., Wright, M., & Scholes, L. (2018). Perceived parental behaviors and next-generation engagement in family firms: a social cognitive perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(2), 224-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258718796087
Hanafiah, Yusuf. (2022). Parenting patterns in families prone to radicalism: a case study of the ex-laskar jihad salafi family. al-misbah (jurnal islamic studies),10(2),109-122. https://doi.org/10.26555/almisbah.v10i2.6858
Hastuti, Dwi., Siregar, Maragustaman., Fatonah, Siti., Miftah, M. (2022). An authoritarian parenting of early childhood in islamic perspective: a case study in sleman district, yogyakarta. al-ta lim, 29(2), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v29i2.695
Henderson, Morag. (2012). A test of parenting strategies. sociology, 47(3),542-559. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038512450103
Huang, Rentong., (2023). Analysis of the current situation of parenting styles in china. journal of education humanities and social sciences, 8, 1699-1707. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4557
Huang, X., Chen, L., Xu, E., Lü, F., & Tam, K. (2019). Shadow of the prince: parent-incumbents’ coercive control over child-successors in family organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 65(3), 710-750. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839219870449
Ijeoma, Alika H., Omolara, Akanni D., Oluwatosin, Akanni O., (2016). Parenting styles and family characteristics as correlates of psychological distress among nigerian adolescents. international journal of psychology and counselling, 8(9), 102-108. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijpc2016.0451
Irwanto, Irwanto., Ikhtiar, Ilham., Adi, Anis., Putri, Andini O. (2019). Parenting style in early marriage mothers in indonesia. indonesian journal of medicine, 4(4),313-320. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.03
Jing, W., (2022). Behavior problems and family parenting styles of elementary school seniors in rural china. international journal of academic research in business and social sciences, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i7/14363
Liu, P. C. Y., Zhu, F., & Wang, J. (2024). The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree: Parenting styles and its effects on family business succession intentions. Journal of Business Research, 172, 114429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114429
Luo, Zixiang., Qi, Fan., Xu, Yi. (2023). Family environment and college students’ psychological health during the normalization of the covid-19 pandemic. journal of education humanities and social sciences, 8, 1983-1990. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4628
Lyons, R., Ahmed, F. U., Clinton, E., O’Gorman, C., & Gillanders, R. (2023). The impact of parental emotional support on the succession intentions of next-generation family business members. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 36(3–4), 516–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2023.2233460
Knafo, A. and Schwartz, S. (2003). Parenting and adolescents' accuracy in perceiving parental values. Child Development, 74(2), 595-611. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.7402018
Madden, T., Madden, L., Strickling, J., & Eddleston, K. (2017). Psychological contract and social exchange in family firms. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 16(1/2), 109. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmed.2017.10003451
Marina, Matejevic., Marija, Dordevic., (2019). Parenting style in the context of the conflict between parental and business roles. international journal of cognitive research in science engineering and education, 7(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.5937/ijcrsee1901051m
Marques, A. and Silva, L. (2020). Portuguese and brazilian family business: in between urgency and delay perceptions in the succession process. European Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 24. https://doi.org/10.26417/940lth96j
Martín-Cruz, N., Contreras, I., Barahona, J., & Fernández, H. (2020). Parents’ learning mechanisms for family firm succession: an empirical analysis in spain through the lens of the dynamic capabilities approach. Sustainability, 12(19), 8220. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198220
Matejevic, Marina., Todorovic, Jelisaveta., Jovanovic, Dragana. (2014). Patterns of family functioning and dimensions of parenting style. procedia - social and behavioral sciences, 141, 431-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.075
Matias, C. and Franco, M. (2020). The role of the family council and protocol in planning the succession process in family firms. Journal of Family Business Management, 11(4), 440-461. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-01-2020-0004
McMullen, J. and Warnick, B. (2015). To nurture or groom? the parent–founder succession dilemma. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(6), 1379-1412. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12178
Mokhber, M., Gi, T., Rasid, S., Vakilbashi, A., Zamil, N., & Seng, Y. (2017). Succession planning and family business performance in smes. The Journal of Management Development, 36(3), 330-347. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-12-2015-0171
Morshidi, M., & Muhammad Hussien, M. Z. S. (2019). The effect of parenting style on adolescent’s perception towards road safety. international journal of built environment and sustainability, 7(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v7.n1.414
Novilia, E., Murwani, D., & Indrawati, A. (2016). Parenting style in entrepreneurship building on children. Iosr Journal of Business and Management, 18(10), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-1810027681
Photichai, Piyanan. Luvira, Varisara. (2022). Family types and parenting styles for infants in khon kaen province. journal of education and health promotion, 11(1),319.https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1623_21
Pimentel, D., Scholten, M. Couto, J.P. (2018). Fast or slow? decision-making styles in small family and nonfamily firms. journal of family business management,8(2),113-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-02-2017-0007
Qiu, Y., Xu, L., Pan, Y., He, C., Huang, Y., Xu, H., Dong, C. (2021). Family resilience, parenting styles and psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry,12.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.646421
Rayner, Meredith; Moore, Susan M. (2007). Stress and ameliorating factors among families with a seriously ill or disabled child. e-journal of applied psychology,3(1). https://doi.org/10.7790/ejap.v3i1.83
Renuka, V. and Bhasi, M. (2021). Impact of effective governance structure on succession process in the family business: exploring the mediating role of management succession planning. Rajagiri Management Journal, 17(1), 84-97. https://doi.org/10.1108/ramj-06-2021-0048
Riesch, Susan K., Lyles, Annmarie., Perez, Oscar., Brown, Roger L. (2013). Modifiable family factors among treatment-seeking families of children with high body mass index: report of a pilot study. journal of pediatric health care, 27(4), 254-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2011.11.006
Saan, R., Enu-Kwesi, F., & Nyewie, R. (2018). Factors influencing succession planning for continuity of family-owned businesses in the wa municipality, ghana. Universal Journal of Management, 6(5), 165-177. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2018.060504
Shahzad, F., Akhlaq, A., & Ghaffar, C. (2024). Exploring business succession dynamics in family-owned businesses: Lessons from Pakistani case studies. Journal of Family Business Management. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-09-2024-0214
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Published
2026-05-12
How to Cite
HIDAYATI, Aprihatiningrum; ROFI, M Akhsanur.
Beyond Business: How Parenting Style Shapes Succession Planning and Success in Family Firms.
JMK (Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan), [S.l.], v. 11, n. 2, p. 386-403, may 2026.
ISSN 2656-0771.
Available at: <https://ejournal.uniska-kediri.ac.id/index.php/ManajemenKewirausahaan/article/view/8205>. Date accessed: 14 may 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32503/jmk.v11i2.8205.
Issue
Section
Artikel Ilmiah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
