Linking Job Satisfaction, Motivator-Hygiene Factors, and Loyalty of Online Drivers in Semarang City
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of motivational and hygiene factors on the loyalty online bike-taxi driver-partners in Semarang City, with job satisfaction as the mediating variable. A quantitative approach was used by distributing a questionnaire directly and through WhatsApp groups to active driver-partners communities (Grab, Gojek, and Maxim) during June 2025. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares and Bootstrapping (SmartPLS4) methods. The result show that hygiene factors have a significant impact on loyalty, both directly and indirectly through job satisfaction. Conversely, motivational factors only have an impact on job satisfaction but do not significantly influence partner loyalty. These findings confirm that job satisfaction is an important mechanism in building loyalty, particularly through managing external business factors such as policy clarity, compensation, and job security. The practical implications of these findings provide insight for digital platform managers to improve partner retention through a more fair and transparent approach based on business needs.
References
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Rizky, R. I., Yunita, T., Irfana, T. B., Hasanuddin, H., Dwikotjo, F., & Sumantyo, S. (2024). Pengaruh Jam Kerja Fleksibel dan Kompensasi terhadap Loyalitas Kerja Pengemudi Gojek di Bekasi Barat. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(3), 23–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55606/jimas.v3i3.1424
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Veen, A., Barratt, T., & Goods, C. (2020). Platform-Capital’s ‘App-etite’ for Control: A Labour Process Analysis of Food-Delivery Work in Australia. Employment and Society, 34(3), 388–406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017019836911
Wicaksana, D. A., Inatsan A, B., Oktaviani, N., Budiarti, A. I., Rusyda S, N., Saraswati, D., Sekar H, S., Arianto, G. N., & Prasetyo, A. (2022). Catatan Perjalanan IJRS 2019-2021. In IJRS. https://www.ijrs.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Laporan-tahunan-IJRS-2019-2021.pdf%0A%0A
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Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017018785616
Wu, Q., Zhang, H., Li, Z., & Liu, K. (2019). Labor control in the gig economy: Evidence from Uber in China. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 574–596. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185619854472
Yang, L., & Panyagometh, A. (2024). Factors influencing gig workers’ satisfaction and commitment in the knowledge service providing platforms based on the self-determination theory: The case study in China. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 45(1), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2024.45.1.29
Yu, J., & Abdul Hamid, R. (2024). Gig workers’ psychological contracts and turnover intention: A mediated path analysis of organizational identification and job satisfaction. Acta Psychologica, 251, 104587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104587
Zhou, M., Yin, J., Tang, Y., Yi, H., Kong, N., & Campy, K. S. (2024). What drives the drivers away? An empirical study on the factors influencing the turnover intention of full-time online ride-hailing drivers in China. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 186, 104134. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104134
Alfayad, Z., Suriani, L., & Arif, M. (2017). Employee Voice and Job Satisfaction: An Application of Herzberg Two-factor Theory. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1), 150–156. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/irmm/article/view/3342
Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S. F., Altouby, S., Alwahaibi, N., & Brommels, M. (2020). The application of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation to job satisfaction in clinical laboratories in Omani hospitals. Heliyon, 6(9), e04829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829
Anggraini, D. Y., Asri, & Azhari, A. (2024). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Disiplin dan Insentif terhadap Kinerja Driver Grab Bike di Kota Mamuju. Cendekia Akademika Indonesia 3, 2, 144–156. http://repository.nobel.ac.id/id/eprint/1688
Bajwa, U., Gastaldo, D., Ruggiero, E. Di, & Knorr, L. (2018). The health of workers in the global gig economy. Global Health, 14, 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8
Chiu, H. H., Palupi, G. S., & Zhu, Y. Q. (2022). Workers’ Affective Commitment in The Gig Economy: The Role of IS Quality, Organizational Support, and Fairness. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 14(3), 52–76. https://doi.org/10.17705/1pais.14303
Fieseler, C., Bucher, E., & Hoffman. (2017). Unfairness by design? The perceived fairness of digital labor on crowdworking platforms. Journal of Business Ethics. Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 156(2019), 987–1005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3607-2
Herzberg, F. (1987). One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? In Harvard Business Review. https://werkwelzijnenmotivatie.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/herzberg-1987.pdf
Joewono, T. B., Rizki, M., & Syahputri, J. (2021). Does Job Satisfaction Influence the Productivity of Ride-Sourcing Drivers? A Hierarchical Structural Equation Modelling Approach for the Case of Bandung City Ride-Sourcing Drivers Tri. Sustainability, 13, 10834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910834
Johanri, J. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Insentif terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Driver Ojek Online InDriver di Medan. Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan, 1–34. https://repository.uhn.ac.id/handle/123456789/8368
Junia Heldawanti, F., Poernomo, D., & Windradini BP, D. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Pada PT. Bhakti Tama Persada di Kabupaten Tuban). Jurnal Strategi Dan Bisnis, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.19184/jsb.v11i1.38595
Kurniawan, M. A., & Heryanda, K. K. (2022). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Driver Ojek Online Grab di Kecamatan Buleleng. Bisma: Jurnal Manajemen, 8(1), 196–205. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/BISMA-JM/article/view/35638
Mitsakis, M., & Galanakis, M. (2022). An Empirical Examination of Herzberg’s Theory in the 21 Century Workplace. Organizational Psychology Re-Examined. Psychology, 13(02), 264–272. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.4236/psych.2022.132015
Polling Institute. (2022). Kenaikan Tarif Ojek Online di Mata Pengguna dan Pengemudi. In Polling Institute. https://pollinginstitute.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Laporan-Rilis-Survei-Pengguna-dan-Driver-Ojek-Online-Polling-Institute-Agustus-2022.pdf
Praveen, S. ., & Rokith M, M. (2024). A Study on the Job Satisfaction among Food Delivery Employees. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 5(10), 882–887. https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V5ISSUE10/IJRPR34368.pdf
Putri, D. M., Kurniawati, T., & Setyanto, E. (2023). The Effect of Work Discipline and Compensation on Job Satisfaction in Online Ojek Drivers ( GO-JEK ) in Bekasi City. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 2(1). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0069-1003
Riani, R., Luthfianti, Z., Safitri, S., & Ayu, L. (2022). The Impact of Self-Efficacy and Job Crafting on Job Satisfaction of Gig Workers: An Empirical Study from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 9(3), 159–0169. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2022.vol9.no3.0159
Rizky, R. I., Yunita, T., Irfana, T. B., Hasanuddin, H., Dwikotjo, F., & Sumantyo, S. (2024). Pengaruh Jam Kerja Fleksibel dan Kompensasi terhadap Loyalitas Kerja Pengemudi Gojek di Bekasi Barat. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(3), 23–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55606/jimas.v3i3.1424
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2020). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. In Handbook of Market Research (Issue July). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8
Satriawan, B., & Harissa, P. (2021). The Influence of Incentives and Satisfaction on Driver Performance. Almana : Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 5(3), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.36555/almana.v5i3.1705
Spector, P. (2012). Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes, and Consequences. In SAGE Publications, Inc. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231549
Toyon, M. A. S. (2021). Explanatory sequential design of mixed methods research: Phases and challenges. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 10(5), 253–260. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1262
Veen, A., Barratt, T., & Goods, C. (2020). Platform-Capital’s ‘App-etite’ for Control: A Labour Process Analysis of Food-Delivery Work in Australia. Employment and Society, 34(3), 388–406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017019836911
Wicaksana, D. A., Inatsan A, B., Oktaviani, N., Budiarti, A. I., Rusyda S, N., Saraswati, D., Sekar H, S., Arianto, G. N., & Prasetyo, A. (2022). Catatan Perjalanan IJRS 2019-2021. In IJRS. https://www.ijrs.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Laporan-tahunan-IJRS-2019-2021.pdf%0A%0A
Wicaksono, I. S. (2019). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Fleksibilitas Kerja Driver Gojek terhadap Kinerja dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervening [Universitas Islam Indonesia]. In Universitas Islam Indonesia. https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/13944
Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017018785616
Wu, Q., Zhang, H., Li, Z., & Liu, K. (2019). Labor control in the gig economy: Evidence from Uber in China. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 574–596. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185619854472
Yang, L., & Panyagometh, A. (2024). Factors influencing gig workers’ satisfaction and commitment in the knowledge service providing platforms based on the self-determination theory: The case study in China. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 45(1), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2024.45.1.29
Yu, J., & Abdul Hamid, R. (2024). Gig workers’ psychological contracts and turnover intention: A mediated path analysis of organizational identification and job satisfaction. Acta Psychologica, 251, 104587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104587
Zhou, M., Yin, J., Tang, Y., Yi, H., Kong, N., & Campy, K. S. (2024). What drives the drivers away? An empirical study on the factors influencing the turnover intention of full-time online ride-hailing drivers in China. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 186, 104134. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104134
Published
2025-10-09
How to Cite
FERDIANSAH, Riky; FAJRI, Annisa.
Linking Job Satisfaction, Motivator-Hygiene Factors, and Loyalty of Online Drivers in Semarang City.
JMK (Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan), [S.l.], v. 10, n. 3, p. 181-196, oct. 2025.
ISSN 2656-0771.
Available at: <https://ejournal.uniska-kediri.ac.id/index.php/ManajemenKewirausahaan/article/view/7733>. Date accessed: 23 jan. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32503/jmk.v10i3.7733.
Section
Artikel Ilmiah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
