Employee Engagement as a Mediator Between Empowerment, Motivation, and Performance in Bank Jatim Madiun
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of psychological empowerment and work motivation on employee performance at Bank Jatim Madiun, Indonesia, a regional branch operating in a competitive and service-driven banking environment. Employee performance, crucial to ensuring service quality and operational success, remains below institutional expectations despite ongoing efforts. The study addresses this issue by exploring whether psychological empowerment and work motivation directly affect performance and whether employee engagement mediates these relationships. Using a quantitative research design and a saturated sampling of 110 employees, data were collected via structured questionnaires based on validated instruments and analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS. Results show that psychological empowerment significantly enhances both engagement and performance, and that engagement mediates this relationship. In contrast, while work motivation positively affects engagement, it has no direct or indirect impact on performance. These findings imply that fostering psychological empowerment by promoting autonomy, competence, and purpose may be more effective in improving performance than relying on motivation alone. The study recommends that banks adopt empowerment-oriented human resource strategies to enhance engagement and organizational outcomes.
References
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Dealisa, L., & Widodo, S. (2024). The Effect of Work Engagement and Psychological Empowerment on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Mediating Variable. JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 9(1), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v9i1.13660
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Hania, R. N., & Bernardus, D. (2021). MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN DISIPLIN KERJA DAN EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI DI BAGIAN KEUANGAN RS X. PERFORMA, 4(4), 550–559. https://doi.org/10.37715/jp.v4i4.1667
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Luthfi, T. W., & Putri, V. W. (2021). Factors that Affect Employee Engagement in The Workplace. Management Analysis Journal, 10(4), 400–409.
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3–30.
Meng, Q., & Sun, F. (2019). The Impact Of Psychological Empowerment On Work Engagement Among University Faculty Members In China. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Volume 12, 983–990. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S215912
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Nawrin, R. (2016). Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Employees’ Work and Organization Engagement: A Study in the Manufacturing Sectors, Bangladesh. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n5p389
Nduati, M. M., & Wanyoike, R. (2022). Employee performance management practices and organizational effectiveness. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(10), 361–378.
Nguyen, P. T., Yandi, A., & Mahaputra, M. R. (2020). Factors that influence employee performance: motivation, leadership, environment, culture organization, work achievement, competence and compensation (A study of human resource management literature studies). Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management, 1(4), 645–662.
Noercahyo, U. S., Maarif, M. S., & Sumertajaya, I. M. (2021). THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON JOB SATISFACTION AND ITS EFFECT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 19(2), 296–309. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2021.019.02.06
Pârjoleanu, R. (2020). Work motivation efficiency in the workplace. Postmodern Openings, 11(4), 293–309.
Rahaman, Md. A., Taru, R. D., Gupta, A., Prajapat, V., & Mahmud, Md. A. L. (2023). Factors influencing employee performance and their impact on productivity: A study of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Banks and Bank Systems, 18(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(2).2023.11
Riyanto, S., Endri, E., & Herlisha, N. (2021). Effect of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance: Mediating role of employee engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.14
Sakeru, A., Hermawan, A., & Triyonggo, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Employee Engagement, Pemberdayaan, dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Toyota Motormanufacturing Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan, 12(2), 126–148.
Saputra, A., & Heryjanto, A. (2021). PENGARUH EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT DAN PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION YANG DIMEDIASI EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT (Studi Empiris: Karyawan PT. XYZ). Digismantech (Jurnal Program Studi Bisnis Digital), 1(2).
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
Trisninawati, T., & Elpanso, E. (2022). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Outsourcing Di Mediasi Employee engagement. MBIA, 20(3), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.33557/mbia.v20i3.1616
Widodo, A. P., Budiyanto, B., & Suhermin, S. (2023). The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support, Psychological Empowerment and Structural Empowerment on Employee Engagement and Job Performance at PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero. Asian Journal of Management Analytics (AJMA), 2(1), 45–60.
Yashaswini, A., Hussai, M., Ramachandran, S. C., & Chinnasamy, S. (2023). The Influence of Human Resource Management in Banking. Recent Trends in Management and Commerce, 4(2), 107–112.
Yudiani, E., Rustiawan, I., & Jasiyah, R. (2023). The Impact Of Training And Work Motivation On Employee Performance. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(02), 182–190.
Zacher, H., Sagha Zadeh, R., Heckhausen, J., & Oettingen, G. (2021). Motivation and Healthy Aging at Work. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(Supplement_2), S145–S156. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab042
Ambarsari, V. R., Khuzaini, K., & Prijati, P. (2021). Employee engagement memediasi pengaruh dukungan organisasi, lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. INOVASI, 17(2), 239–247.
Armstrong, M. (2016). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (16th ed.). Kogan Page.
Aziez, A. (2022). THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH JOB SATISFACTION AND COMPENSATION AS MEDIATING ROLE. Journal of Social Research, 1(3), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i3.58
Budiarto, E., Rahayu, S., & Robain, W. (2023). The Effect Of Employee Engagement And Workload On Employee Performance Mediated By Employee Work Satisfaction In The Administration Section Of The Airport Authority Region Ii Office Medan. SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan, 2(8), 2329–2346.
Dealisa, L., & Widodo, S. (2024). The Effect of Work Engagement and Psychological Empowerment on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Mediating Variable. JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 9(1), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v9i1.13660
Engidaw, A. E. (2021). The effect of motivation on employee engagement in public sectors: in the case of North Wollo zone. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00185-1
Fathima, J. S. (2015). Human resource management in banking sector. Shanlax International Journal of Management, 2(3), 111–121.
Fatmasari, E., Al, M. M., & Wulida, A. T. (2018). The effect of quality of work-life and motivation on employee engagement with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 74(2), 108–114.
Fonda, S. jane, Mintarti, S., & Lestari, D. (2024). The Influence of Employee Empowerment and Public Service Motivation on Employee Performance Mediated by Work Discipline among the Employees of the City of Samarinda’s Tax and Revenue Agency. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 4(01), 112–128.
Haigh, N., & Hoffman, A. J. (2012). Hybrid Organizations: The Next Chapter of Sustainable Business. Organizational Dynamics, 41(2), 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2012.01.006
Hania, R. N., & Bernardus, D. (2021). MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN DISIPLIN KERJA DAN EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI DI BAGIAN KEUANGAN RS X. PERFORMA, 4(4), 550–559. https://doi.org/10.37715/jp.v4i4.1667
Jones, G. R., & George, J. M. (2012). Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Kusumah, D. H., & Rismawati, R. (2022). The effect of work motivation and work discipline on employee performance in the West Cikarang Sub-District Office. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(4), 2995–2999.
Levina, M. (2021). Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Psikologis Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Intrinsik Pada Pt Panca Putra. Agora, 9(1), 358373.
Lubis, F. R. A., Syaifuddin, Sofiyan, Lubis, Y., & Nasib. (2023). Impact of Improving Organizational Climate, Employee Empowerment on Employee Engagement and Performance. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.33168/JSMS.2023.0219
Luthfi, T. W., & Putri, V. W. (2021). Factors that Affect Employee Engagement in The Workplace. Management Analysis Journal, 10(4), 400–409.
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3–30.
Meng, Q., & Sun, F. (2019). The Impact Of Psychological Empowerment On Work Engagement Among University Faculty Members In China. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Volume 12, 983–990. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S215912
Morgan, G. A., Harmon, R. J., & Maslin-Cole, C. A. (1990). Mastery Motivation: Definition and Measurement. Early Education & Development, 1(5), 318–339. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed0105_1
Nawrin, R. (2016). Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Employees’ Work and Organization Engagement: A Study in the Manufacturing Sectors, Bangladesh. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n5p389
Nduati, M. M., & Wanyoike, R. (2022). Employee performance management practices and organizational effectiveness. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(10), 361–378.
Nguyen, P. T., Yandi, A., & Mahaputra, M. R. (2020). Factors that influence employee performance: motivation, leadership, environment, culture organization, work achievement, competence and compensation (A study of human resource management literature studies). Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management, 1(4), 645–662.
Noercahyo, U. S., Maarif, M. S., & Sumertajaya, I. M. (2021). THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON JOB SATISFACTION AND ITS EFFECT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 19(2), 296–309. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2021.019.02.06
Pârjoleanu, R. (2020). Work motivation efficiency in the workplace. Postmodern Openings, 11(4), 293–309.
Rahaman, Md. A., Taru, R. D., Gupta, A., Prajapat, V., & Mahmud, Md. A. L. (2023). Factors influencing employee performance and their impact on productivity: A study of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Banks and Bank Systems, 18(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(2).2023.11
Riyanto, S., Endri, E., & Herlisha, N. (2021). Effect of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance: Mediating role of employee engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.14
Sakeru, A., Hermawan, A., & Triyonggo, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Employee Engagement, Pemberdayaan, dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Toyota Motormanufacturing Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan, 12(2), 126–148.
Saputra, A., & Heryjanto, A. (2021). PENGARUH EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT DAN PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION YANG DIMEDIASI EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT (Studi Empiris: Karyawan PT. XYZ). Digismantech (Jurnal Program Studi Bisnis Digital), 1(2).
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
Trisninawati, T., & Elpanso, E. (2022). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Outsourcing Di Mediasi Employee engagement. MBIA, 20(3), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.33557/mbia.v20i3.1616
Widodo, A. P., Budiyanto, B., & Suhermin, S. (2023). The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support, Psychological Empowerment and Structural Empowerment on Employee Engagement and Job Performance at PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero. Asian Journal of Management Analytics (AJMA), 2(1), 45–60.
Yashaswini, A., Hussai, M., Ramachandran, S. C., & Chinnasamy, S. (2023). The Influence of Human Resource Management in Banking. Recent Trends in Management and Commerce, 4(2), 107–112.
Yudiani, E., Rustiawan, I., & Jasiyah, R. (2023). The Impact Of Training And Work Motivation On Employee Performance. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(02), 182–190.
Zacher, H., Sagha Zadeh, R., Heckhausen, J., & Oettingen, G. (2021). Motivation and Healthy Aging at Work. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(Supplement_2), S145–S156. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab042
Published
2026-01-08
How to Cite
SUPRAPTO, Yetty Fitria; BUDIYANTO, Budiyanto; SUHERMIN, Suhermin.
Employee Engagement as a Mediator Between Empowerment, Motivation, and Performance in Bank Jatim Madiun.
JMK (Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan), [S.l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. 240-255, jan. 2026.
ISSN 2656-0771.
Available at: <https://ejournal.uniska-kediri.ac.id/index.php/ManajemenKewirausahaan/article/view/7408>. Date accessed: 23 jan. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32503/jmk.v11i1.7408.
Section
Artikel Ilmiah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
