Adressing Legal Problems Of Handling Cryptocurrency Money Laundering Crimes In Indonesia: The Dualism Regime Between Law No. 8 of 2010 And Bappebti Regulation No.8 Of 2021
Abstract
The rapid growth of cryptocurrency adoption in Indonesia has created significant challenges for the national Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing (AML/CFT) regime. The dualism of regulation between Law No. 8 of 2010 and Bappebti Regulation No. 8 of 2021 has generated legal uncertainty, particularly regarding the legal status of crypto assets, supervision of Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs), digital evidence, and asset tracing mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the Indonesian legal framework governing cryptocurrency-based money laundering and examine how regulatory dualism affects the effectiveness of law enforcement and harmonization with Financial Action Task Force (FATF) standards. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials consist of laws and regulations related to anti-money laundering and cryptocurrency governance, while secondary legal materials include institutional reports, statistical data, and scholarly literature concerning digital financial crimes. The study finds that Indonesia’s cryptocurrency regulatory framework remains fragmented due to overlapping authority between Bank Indonesia, Bappebti, and the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Such fragmentation weakens AML/CFT implementation, particularly in identifying beneficial ownership, tracing cross-border transactions, and enforcing compliance standards. The transition toward OJK supervision through the P2SK Law represents an important step toward integrated regulation, although institutional and technological challenges remain significant in addressing increasingly sophisticated crypto-based money laundering schemes.
References
Legislation
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Wanggai, Fabrizio Richardo Marvil, Made Sugi Hartono, and Ni Putu Ega Parwati. “Analisis Normatif terhadap Penyebaran Deepfake sebagai Bentuk Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia.” Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.62383/majelis.v3i1.1509.
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Books
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2017. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=CKZADwAAQBAJ.
Journal
Abugre, Charles, Alexander Cobham, Rezha Etter-Phoya, Alex Lépissier, Markus Meinzer, and Nino Monkam. “Vulnerability and Exposure to Illicit Financial Flows Risk in Africa.” SSRN Electronic Journal (2019). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3440066.
Ahmad, Naveed, and Fatima Zahid. “NFT Market Trends and Digital Asset Trading: Navigating Blockchain Regulation and Fintech Investment Strategies in China and the USA.” ResearchGate, 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385893354.
Alhakim, Abdurrakhman, and Tantimin. “The Legal Status of Cryptocurrency and Its Implications for Money Laundering in Indonesia.” Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (2024). https://lk2fhui.law.ui.ac.id/portfolio/the-legal-status-of-cryptocurrency-and-its-implications-for-money-laundering-in-indonesia/.
Arner, Douglas W., et al. “RegTech, FinTech and Limes: Reconceptualizing Financial Regulation in the Digital Era.” University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law Research Paper Series (2020).
Bjønness, Anne Marthe, and Ivar Kolstad. “Hidden Ownership in Suspicious Transactions: Experimental Evidence on Anti-Money Laundering Reporting Priorities in Norway.” International Review of Law and Economics 86 (2026): 106334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2026.106334.
Dote-Pardo, Jairo Stefano, and María Teresa Espinosa-Jaramillo. “Money Laundering Risks of Cryptocurrencies: Towards Coordinated Regulatory and Technological Strategies.” Latin American Journal of Central Banking (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.latcb.2025.100194.
Fathi, Mohamed, Muhammad bin Saud Al-Shammar, and Gamal Sayed Khalifa Mohamed. “Cryptocurrency and Criminal Liability: Investigating Legal Challenges in Addressing Financial Crimes in Decentralized Systems.” Journal of Money Laundering Control 28, no. 3 (2025): 504–517. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-07-2024-0110.
Guidoara, Giovanni. “Money Laundering Risks of Cryptocurrencies: Towards Coordinated Regulatory Responses.” Forensic Science International: Synergy 11 (2025): 100323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100323.
Hermanto, Halim. “Pengaturan Penyitaan Aset Kripto sebagai Hasil Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di Indonesia.” Rewang Rencang: Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 6, no. 7 (2025). https://ojs.rewangrencang.com/index.php/JHLG/article/download/2335/1094/10448.
Maulida, Dewi Arum, Vima Na’ima, and Permata Al Azza. “Reformulation of Anti-Money Laundering Policy on Crypto Assets through the Integrated Criminal Justice System with Global Regulatory Standards.” Sustainable Environment, Economics and Social Development Goals Journal 3, no. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.61511/seesdgj.v3i2.2026.2313.
Mansyur, Muhammad Zainuddin, and Nurul Aini. “Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Berbasis Aset Kripto di Indonesia.” Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam 7, no. 2 (2025). https://ejournal.insuriponorogo.ac.id/index.php/almanhaj/article/download/8430/4868/50258.
Marbun, Diva Yohana Margaretha, et al. “Penerapan Sistem Anti Pencucian Uang dalam Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Pembalakan Liar.” Acta Diurnal Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan (2023). https://jurnal.fh.unpad.ac.id/index.php/acta/article/download/2187/928.
Rahman, Junaid, Hafizur Rahman, Naimul Islam, Tipon Tanchangya, Mohammad Ridwan, and Mostafa Ali. “Regulatory Landscape of Blockchain Assets: Analyzing the Drivers of NFT and Cryptocurrency Regulation.” BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations 5, no. 1 (2025): 100214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100214.
Rahman, Naimul, et al. “Blockchain Anonymity and the Challenges of Detecting Illicit Financial Flows.” ResearchGate (2025). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/394471539.
Sitompul, Ariman. “Cryptocurrency Based Money Laundering in Indonesia.” International Asia of Law and Money Laundering 4, no. 1 (2025): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.59712/iaml.v4i1.113.
Soerjadi, Diadjeng Famelia, and Rossella Kusmiadi. “Transition of Crypto Asset Supervision from Bappebti to OJK.” Action Research Literate 8, no. 11 (2024): 3322–3327. https://doi.org/10.46799/arl.v8i11.2531.
Wanggai, Fabrizio Richardo Marvil, Made Sugi Hartono, and Ni Putu Ega Parwati. “Analisis Normatif terhadap Penyebaran Deepfake sebagai Bentuk Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia.” Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.62383/majelis.v3i1.1509.
Yanuar, M. A. “Risiko dan Posibilitas Penyalahgunaan Aset Kripto dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang.” Majalah Hukum Nasional 52, no. 2 (2022): 169–188. https://doi.org/10.33331/mhn.v52i2.170.
Article Internet
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Chainalysis. Global Crypto Adoption and Crime Trends Report 2024. 2024. https://www.chainalysis.com.
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Elliptic. The State of Cross-Chain Crime 2025. 2025. https://www.elliptic.co/resources/the-state-of-cross-chain-crime-2025.
Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer. “OJK Assumes Oversight of Digital Financial Assets.” 2025. https://www.hsfkramer.com.\
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PPATK. “Publikasi Penilaian Risiko.” 2025. https://www.ppatk.go.id/dalam_negeri/read/1397/publikasi-penilaian-risiko.html.
PPATK. Buletin Juni 2025. 2025. https://ppid.ppatk.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Buletin-Juni.pdf.
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Report Instituion
Bank Indonesia Institute. Ekonomi dan Keuangan Digital: Konsep dan Implementasi di Indonesia. Jakarta: BI Institute, 2025. https://www.bi.go.id/id/bi-institute/publikasi/Documents/Ekonomi-dan-Keuangan-Digital-Konsep-dan-Implementasi-di-Indonesia.pdf.
Chainalysis. Global Crypto Adoption Index 2023. New York: Chainalysis Inc., 2023.
Chainalysis. Global Crypto Adoption and Crime Trends Report 2024. New York: Chainalysis, 2024.
Elliptic. The State of Cross-Chain Crime 2025. London: Elliptic, 2025. https://www.elliptic.co/resources/the-state-of-cross-chain-crime-2025.
PPATK. Buletin Statistik APUPPT Vol. 13 No. 6 – Edisi Juni 2025. Jakarta: PPATK, 2025. https://ppid.ppatk.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Buletin-Juni.pdf.
PPATK. Laporan Analisis Risiko TPPU Aset Kripto 2021/2022. Jakarta: PPATK, 2022.
University of the Philippines College of Law. World Bulletin Vol. 24 No. 12. Manila: UP Law Center, 2020. https://law.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/World_Bulletin_Vol.24-12.Dec_.2020-v.1-revised-16Dec2020.pdf.
Published
2026-05-18
How to Cite
DARMAWAN, Yono Sugi Anom et al.
Adressing Legal Problems Of Handling Cryptocurrency Money Laundering Crimes In Indonesia: The Dualism Regime Between Law No. 8 of 2010 And Bappebti Regulation No.8 Of 2021.
Klausula (Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara, Hukum Adminitrasi, Pidana Dan Perdata), [S.l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 59-74, may 2026.
ISSN 2829-002X.
Available at: <https://ejournal.uniska-kediri.ac.id/index.php/klausula/article/view/8884>. Date accessed: 19 may 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32503/klausula.v5i1.8884.
Section
Articles
