Perceptions of Indonesian College Students about Offline and Online TOEFL ITP Preparation Class

  • Juli Yanti Damanik Institut Teknologi Del
  • Monalisa Pasaribu Institut Teknologi Del

Abstract

Due to college students’ mobility nowadays (e.g. joining Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka program) that allows students to be off campus for a time, some learning processes have to be conducted online. The objective of this study was to investigate how students at an Indonesian college perceived the conduct of online and offline TOEFL ITP preparation classes. Participants in this study were 47 students at an Indonesian private college who completed the TOEFL ITP preparation course. Data collection and data analysis were designed with a mixed-method approach. An online questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was administered for data collection. The framework used in this study was the Community of Inquiry (CoI). The data obtained was analyzed by practicing qualitative and quantitative approaches as well to gain the participants’ deeper insights into the issue. The participants believed that social, cognitive, and teaching presence could be established in both face-to-face and online learning settings despite their higher preference for offline classes, especially in social presence. Furthermore, it was known that the participants’ preference for teaching methods was in line with the methodology that their instructors carried out. The matter was in the different instructions that they had during online and offline sessions. Implications for teachers are to make sure the learning process can be conducted by establishing a social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence.

References

Akmal, S., Risdaneva, R., Habiburrahim, H., & Sari, M. (2020). The English teachers’ challenges in TOEFL preparation for senior high school students. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 10(1), 24-44. http://e-journal.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/jefl

Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2011). Understanding cognitive presence in an online and blended community of inquiry: Assessing outcomes and processes for deep approaches in learning. British Journal of Education Technology, 42(2), pp. 233-250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01029.x
Awan, R., Azher, M., Anwar, M.N., & Naz, A. (2010). An investigation of foreign language classroom anxiety and its relationship with students’ achievement. Journal of College Teaching & Learning, 7(11), 33-40.

Blake, R., Wilson, N. L., Cetto, M., & Pardo-Ballester, C. (2008). Measuring oral proficiency in distance, face-to-face and blended classrooms. Language Learning and Technology, 12(3), pp. 114-127. https://www.lltjournal.org/item/10125-44158/

Bitchener, J. (2004). The relationship between the negotiation of meaning and language learning: A longitudinal study. Language Awareness, 13(2), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658410408667088

Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cecez-Kegmanovic, D., & Webb. C. (2000). Towards a communicative model of collaborative web-mediated learning. Australian Journal of Education Technology, 16(1), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1823

Davies, M., & Hughes, N. (2014). Doing a successful research project: Using qualitative and quantitative methods (2nd edition). New York, US: Palgrave Macmillan.

Evans, K. L., & Leinhardt, G. (2008). A cognitive framework for analysis of online chemistry courses. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 17(1), 100-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10956-007-9087-x

Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6

Gleason, J. (2013). Dilemmas of blended language learning: Learner and teacher experiences. CALICO Journal, 30(3), pp. 323-341. doi: 10.11139/cj.30.3.323-341.

Halim, N., & Ardiningtyas, S. Y. (2018). Difficulties faced by the students in answering TOEFL test questions. ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal), 4(2), pp. 219-231. https://doi.org/10.24252/Eternal.V42.2018.A7

Harmer, J. (2015). The practice of English language teaching (5th ed.). Essex: Pearson.

Hoang, N. T. H., & Hamid, M. O. (2017). “A fair go for all?” Australia’s language-in-migration policy. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 38(6), pp. 836-850. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2016.1199527

Lambert, J. L., & Fisher, J. L. (2013). Community of Inquiry framework: Establishing community in online course. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 12(1), 1-16. http://www.ncolr.org/jiol/issues/pdf/12.1.1.pdf

Masfufah, S. (2018). Indonesian college students' perceptions of TOEFL preparation class. EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture, 3(1), 66-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.3.1.66-78

Nasrullah., Rosalina, El., Mariani, N., Sari, A. R., Alfisah M., Rahmadina, N., & Ainal, N. (2024). Scrutinizing social presence of in-service EFL teachers’ instruction in the enactment of blended learning. International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences, 5(1), 160-165. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v5i1.765

Pham, N. D., & Nguyen, T. X. (2017). Design of self-practice listening and supplementary vocabulary exercises for a TOEFL-ITP preparation course in Vietnam. International Journal of English Language Education, 5(2), 102-110. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v5i2.11869

Rasikawati, I., Yuyun, I., & Wicks, D. (2024). The community of inquiry framework on online English learning insights from Indonesian cultural contexts. LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 27(1), 37-59. https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v27i1.7958

Sanders, L., & Lokey-Vega, A. (2020). K-12 community of inquiry: A case study of applicability of the Community of Inquiry framework in K-12 online learning environment. Journal of Online Learning Research, 6(1), 35-56. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1254070

Yudhiantara, R. A. (2022). Implementing community of inquiry for language learning among English preservice teachers. Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.21460/saga.2022.32.125

Zhang, Y., Tian, Y., Yao, L., Duan, C., Sun, X., & Niu, G. (2022). Teaching presence predicts during online learning: From the perspective of community of inquiry framework and social learning theory. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), 1651-1666. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12531
Published
2025-03-27
How to Cite
DAMANIK, Juli Yanti; PASARIBU, Monalisa. Perceptions of Indonesian College Students about Offline and Online TOEFL ITP Preparation Class. EDUCATION AND LINGUISTICS KNOWLEDGE JOURNAL, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 62-82, mar. 2025. ISSN 2686-1860. Available at: <https://ejournal.uniska-kediri.ac.id/index.php/EDULINK/article/view/6803>. Date accessed: 02 apr. 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.32503/edulink.v7i1.6803.